Yellow starthistle infestations are difficult to eradicate and so far the most effective controls have used multiple approaches. 

A single plant produces up to 100,000 seeds and yellow starthistle infestations produce between 50 and 100 million seeds per acre.

Mechanical control methods such as hand pulling, tilling, and mowing can be effective on lightly infested areas when used prior to bloom.  Care must be taken because even small pieces of stem ( 5 cm or 2 inches long) can regenerate.

Grazing by cows or goats can be effective for reducing yellow starthistle stands.  Prescribed burning can also be effective, especially if conducted prior to flowering, but must be repeated over a three year period.

Biological control agents for this weed are under development. Two species of seed-feeding insects, the hairy weevil, Eustenopus villosus, and the false peacock fly, Chaetorellia succinea, have been used with moderate success.