Musk thistle forms dense stands that compete with native plants and desirable species, such as clover. It is thought to produce chemicals that hinder the growth of other plants.

On rangeland, musk thistle reduces the amount of forage available for livestock. The spines can be harmful to animals and can hinder their movement through infested areas.

Musk thistle does have some useful attributes. The pith of the stem is edible when boiled. Its seeds provide food for wildlife, especially birds such as goldfinches, and have also been used by humans for medicinal purposes.